1675 UZ - Silk Roads: Zarafshan-Karakum Corridor (2023)

 Silk Roads: Zarafshan-Karakum Corridor

The Zarafshan-Karakum Corridor is a key section of the Silk Roads in Central Asia that connects other corridors from all directions. Located in rugged mountains, fertile river valleys, and uninhabitable desert, the 866-kilometre corridor runs from east to west along the Zarafshan River and further southwest following the ancient caravan roads crossing the Karakum Desert to the Merv Oasis. Channelling much of the east-west exchange along the Silk Roads from the 2nd century BCE to the 16th century CE, a large quantity of goods was traded along the corridor. People travelled, settled, conquered, or were defeated here, making it a melting pot of ethnicities, cultures, religions, sciences, and technologies.

丝绸之路：扎拉夫尚-卡拉库姆廊道

扎拉夫尚-卡拉库姆廊道是丝绸之路在中亚地区的咽喉，连接着来自各个方向的其他廊道。其全长866公里，沿途既有崎岖的山脉，又有肥沃的河谷和荒无人烟的沙漠。它先顺着扎拉夫尚河自东向西延伸，然后折往西南，沿古代商队路线穿越卡拉库姆沙漠直达梅尔夫绿洲。自公元前2世纪到公元16世纪，该走廊成为丝绸之路上东西方交流、大量商品贸易的主要渠道。它见证了人类的旅行、定居、征服、溃败，从而发展成民族、文化、宗教、科技的熔炉。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1675

• 1675-001 Khisorak Settlement Tajikistan
• 1675-002 Castle on Mount Mugh Tajikistan
• 1675-003 Kum Settlement Tajikistan
• 1675-004 Gardani Khisor Settlement Tajikistan
• 1675-005 Tali Khamtuda Fortress Tajikistan
• 1675-006 Mausoleum of Khoja Mukhammad Bashoro Tajikistan
• 1675-007 Toksankoriz Irrigation System Tajikistan
• 1675-008 Sanjarshakh Settlement Tajikistan
• 1675-009 Town of Ancient Penjikent Tajikistan
• 1675-010 Jartepa II Temple Uzbekistan
• 1675-011 Suleimantepa Uzbekistan
• 1675-012 Kafirkala Settlement Uzbekistan
• 1675-013 Dabusiya Settlement Uzbekistan
• 1675-014 Kasim Sheikh Architectural Complex Uzbekistan
• 1675-015 Mir Sayid Bakhrom Mausoleum Uzbekistan
• 1675-016 Rabati Malik Caravanserai Uzbekistan
• 1675-017 Rabati Malik Sardoba Uzbekistan
• 1675-018 Deggaron Mosque Uzbekistan
• 1675-019 Chasma-i Ayub Khazira Uzbekistan
• 1675-020 Vardanze Settlement Uzbekistan
• 1675-021 Vobkent Minaret Uzbekistan
• 1675-022 Bahouddin Naqshband Architectural Complex Uzbekistan
• 1675-023 Chor Bakh Necropolis Uzbekistan
• 1675-024 Varakhsha Settlement Uzbekistan
• 1675-025 Paikend Settlement Uzbekistan
• 1675-026 Amul Settlement Turkmenistan
• 1675-027 Mansaf Caravanserai Turkmenistan
• 1675-028 Mansaf Caravanserai Turkmenistan
• 1675-029 Konegala Caravanserai Turkmenistan
• 1675-030 Tahmalaj Turkmenistan
• 1675-031 Akja Gala Caravanserai Turkmenistan
• 1675-032 Gyzylja Gala Caravanserai (Rabad al-Hadid) Turkmenistan
• 1675-033 Gyzylja Gala Caravanserai (Rabad al-Hadid) Turkmenistan
• 1675-034 Kushmeihan (Dinli Kishman) Turkmenistan

022 Bahoutdin Architectural Complex

1718 RO - Frontiers of the Roman Empire – Dacia (2024)

Frontiers of the Roman Empire – Dacia

From 500 BCE on, the Roman Empire extended its territory across parts of Europe and North Africa until its frontier totaled some 7,500 kilometres by the 2nd century. The Romanian segment, the Dacian Limes, was operational from 106 to 271 CE. The property comprises 277 component parts and represents the longest, most complex land border of a former Roman province in Europe. Traversing diverse landscapes, it is defined by a network of individual sites that include legionary fortresses, auxiliary forts, earthen ramparts, watch towers, temporary camps and secular buildings. Dacia was the only Roman province entirely north of the Danube River. Its frontier protected it from ‘barbarian’ populations and controlled access to valuable gold and salt resources.

罗马帝国的边疆——达契亚

从公元前500年起，罗马帝国开始逐步向欧洲和北非扩张领土，到公元2世纪时，边界总长达到约7500公里。其中罗马尼亚段，即达契亚（Dacia ）边界，于公元106-271年间正常运作。该遗产由277个部分组成，是一位于欧洲的前罗马行省的最长、最复杂陆地边界。它穿越不同的地貌，将军团堡垒、辅助堡垒、土城墙、暸望塔、临时营地、世俗建筑连接成网。达契亚是古罗马唯一完全位于多瑙河北岸的行省，其边界既保护腹地免受“野蛮人”侵扰，又控制着获取黄金、盐等宝贵资源的通道。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1718

Courtesy of manencov from postcrossing forum

Map of Roman Dacia sites

1718-007 Drobeta-Turnu Severin -Podul lui Traian

1718-008 Drobeta-Turnu Severin -Drobeta

Courtesy of manencov from postcrossing forum

1718-023 Alba Iulia - Apulum 

Courtesy of manencov from postcrossing forum

1718-031 Turda - Potaissa / Dealul Cetății

Courtesy of manencov from postcrossing forum

1718-098 Porolissum

Courtesy of manencov from postcrossing forum

1718-237 Păușa - Arutela / Poiana Bivolari

116 ML - Old Towns of Djenné (1988)

 Old Towns of Djenné

Inhabited since 250 B.C., Djenné became a market centre and an important link in the trans-Saharan gold trade. In the 15th and 16th centuries, it was one of the centres for the propagation of Islam. Its traditional houses, of which nearly 2,000 have survived, are built on hillocks (toguere) as protection from the seasonal floods.

杰内古城

杰内自公元前250年开始有人居住，后来发展成一个市场中心和撒哈拉黄金贸易的重要中心。15世纪到16世纪间杰内成为伊斯兰教义传播的中心。城内的古建筑约有2 000座被完好地保存下来。这些建筑为防止季节性洪水，房屋建在了小丘之上 。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/116

• 116-001 Djenné-Djeno (ancienne Djenné)
• 116-002 Kaniana
• 116-003 Tonomba
• 116-004 Djenné
• 116-005 Hambarketolo

116-004  Old Towns of Djenné

275 AR/BR - Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis (1983)

The ruins of São Miguel das Missões in Brazil, and those of San Ignacio Miní, Santa Ana, Nuestra Señora de Loreto and Santa María la Mayor in Argentina, lie at the heart of a tropical forest. They are the impressive remains of five Jesuit missions, built in the land of the Guaranis during the 17th and 18th centuries. Each is characterized by a specific layout and a different state of conservation.

瓜拉尼人聚居地的耶稣会传教区：阿根廷的圣伊格纳西奥米尼、圣安娜、罗雷托圣母村和圣母玛利亚艾尔马约尔村遗迹以及巴西的圣米格尔杜斯米索纳斯遗迹

在热带雨林的中心地带，有五个引人注目的耶稣会传教区遗址，他们分别是：巴西的圣米格尔杜斯米索纳斯遗迹，阿根廷的圣伊格纳西奥米尼、圣安娜、罗雷托圣母村和圣母玛利亚艾尔马约尔村遗迹。他们建于17至18世纪的瓜拉尼人地区。各处遗址布局迥异，保护状况各不相同。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/275

• 291-001 São Miguel das Missões Brazil
• 291-002 San Ignacio Mini Argentina
• 291-003 Nuestra Señora de Santa Ana Argentina
• 291-004 Nuestra Señora de Loreto Argentina
• 291-005 Santa María la Mayor Argentina

Courtesy of Fabiana1 from postcrossing forum

291-001 São Miguel das Missões Brazil

Courtesy of silentcity from postcrossing forum

Ruins of the Jesuit reduction San Ignacio Mini, Church gate, Misiones Province, Argentina

500 PE - Historic Centre of Lima (1988)

Brief Description

"Although severely damaged by earthquakes, this 'City of the Kings' was, until the middle of the 18th century, the capital and most important city of the Spanish dominions in South America. Many of its buildings, such as the Convent of San Francisco (the largest of its type in this part of the world), are the result of collaboration between local craftspeople and others from the Old World."

利马的历史中心

"虽然该市先后经历了多次地震的严重破坏，直到18世纪中叶，这个“帝王之城”一直是西班牙在南美洲占领区的首都和重要城市。这里的许多建筑，如南美洲最大的建筑圣弗兰西斯科女修道院，都是当地的能工巧匠和来自旧大陆的建筑师共同建造的。"

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/500

Basilica and Convent of San Francisco, Lima

Courtesy of essosb from postcrossing forum

Plaza Major (front), Club de la Unión (left) and Municipal Palace of Lima (right)

1550 ER - Asmara: A Modernist African City (2017)

 Asmara: A Modernist African City

Located at over 2,000 m above sea level, the capital of Eritrea developed from the 1890s onwards as a military outpost for the Italian colonial power. After 1935, Asmara underwent a large scale programme of construction applying the Italian rationalist idiom of the time to governmental edifices, residential and commercial buildings, churches, mosques, synagogues, cinemas, hotels, etc. The property encompasses the area of the city that resulted from various phases of planning between 1893 and 1941, as well as the indigenous unplanned neighbourhoods of Arbate Asmera and Abbashawel. It is an exceptional example of early modernist urbanism at the beginning of the 20th century and its application in an African context.

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1550

741 CA - Old Town Lunenburg (1995)

 Old Town Lunenburg

Lunenburg is the best surviving example of a planned British colonial settlement in North America. Established in 1753, it has retained its original layout and overall appearance, based on a rectangular grid pattern drawn up in the home country. The inhabitants have managed to safeguard the city's identity throughout the centuries by preserving the wooden architecture of the houses, some of which date from the 18th century.

卢嫩堡旧城

卢嫩堡是英国在北美规划的殖民地住区典范，建于1753年，有保存完好的原始布局和完整的外观，城市整体结构呈矩形，摹仿了英国本土的城市规划结构。几个世纪以来，当地居民尽量保持城市的特性，为此他们不遗余力地保留那些木结构的房屋，其中有些房屋的历史可追溯到18世纪。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/741

179 DZ - Tassili n'Ajjer (1982)

Brief Description

"Located in a strange lunar landscape of great geological interest, this site has one of the most important groupings of prehistoric cave art in the world. More than 15,000 drawings and engravings record the climatic changes, the animal migrations and the evolution of human life on the edge of the Sahara from 6000 BC to the first centuries of the present era. The geological formations are of outstanding scenic interest, with eroded sandstones forming ‘forests of rock’."

阿杰尔的塔西利

"该遗址所在地环境独特，如同月球表面，极具地质学研究意义，是世界上最重要的史前岩洞艺术群之一。15,000多幅绘画和雕刻作品 记录了公元前6000年至公元初几个世纪撒哈拉沙漠边缘地区的气候变化、动物迁徙和人类生活进化。当地的地质构成形态有着极高的观赏价值，被侵蚀的砂岩形 成了“石林”。 "

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/179

Courtesy of Paul from postcrossing google+

1517 GR - Archaeological Site of Philippi (2016)

 Archaeological Site of Philippi

The remains of this walled city lie at the foot of an acropolis in north-eastern Greece, on the ancient route linking Europe and Asia, the Via Egnatia. Founded in 356 BC by the Macedonian King Philip II, the city developed as a “small Rome” with the establishment of the Roman Empire in the decades following the Battle of Philippi, in 42 BCE. The vibrant Hellenistic city of Philip II, of which the walls and their gates, the theatre and the funerary heroon (temple) are to be seen, was supplemented with Roman public buildings such as the Forum and a monumental terrace with temples to its north. Later the city became a centre of the Christian faith following the visit of the Apostle Paul in 49-50 CE. The remains of its basilicas constitute an exceptional testimony to the early establishment of Christianity.  

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1517

530 GR - Delos (1990)

 Delos

According to Greek mythology, Apollo was born on this tiny island in the Cyclades archipelago. Apollo's sanctuary attracted pilgrims from all over Greece and Delos was a prosperous trading port. The island bears traces of the succeeding civilizations in the Aegean world, from the 3rd millennium B.C. to the palaeochristian era. The archaeological site is exceptionally extensive and rich and conveys the image of a great cosmopolitan Mediterranean port.

提洛岛

根据希腊神话，阿波罗就出生在基克拉迪群岛(Cyclades)的这个小岛上。阿波罗神殿吸引了来自希腊各地的朝拜者，而提洛岛在当时则是一个繁荣的贸易港口。岛上有爱琴海从公元前3000年到古基督教时代各阶段文明的遗迹。此处考古遗址格外辽阔、富饶，是一个巨大的地中海世界港口。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/530

The House of Hermes

718 CD - Okapi Wildlife Reserve (1996)

 Okapi Wildlife Reserve

The Okapi Wildlife Reserve occupies about one-fifth of the Ituri forest in the north-east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Congo river basin, of which the reserve and forest are a part, is one of the largest drainage systems in Africa. The reserve contains threatened species of primates and birds and about 5,000 of the estimated 30,000 okapi surviving in the wild. It also has some dramatic scenery, including waterfalls on the Ituri and Epulu rivers. The reserve is inhabited by traditional nomadic pygmy Mbuti and Efe hunters.

俄卡皮鹿野生动物保护地

俄卡皮鹿野生动物保护地占据了位于刚果共和国东北部的伊图里(Ituri)森林五分之一的面积。保护区及其森林属扎伊尔河流域的一部分，而这个流域是非洲最大的排水系统之一。保护区内生存着许多濒危的灵长目类和鸟类动物。目前幸存的野生俄卡皮鹿有30 000头，其中5 000头栖息在这个保护区。区内也有其他壮丽景观，包括伊图里河(Ituri River)和埃普卢河(Epulu River)上的瀑布。这里居住着传统小矮人游牧民族——穆布提族(Mbuti)和埃费族(Efe)的猎人。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/718

287 LY - Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus (1985)

 Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus

On the borders of Tassili N'Ajjer in Algeria, also a World Heritage site, this rocky massif has thousands of cave paintings in very different styles, dating from 12,000 B.C. to A.D. 100. They reflect marked changes in the fauna and flora, and also the different ways of life of the populations that succeeded one another in this region of the Sahara.

塔德拉尔特•阿卡库斯石窟

塔德拉尔特•阿卡库斯石窟也是一个世界遗产遗址，位于阿尔及利亚阿杰尔的塔西里边境上。这座石山有数千种不同风格的壁画，时间可以追溯到公元前12 000年至公元100年。 这些壁画表现了动植物的明显变化以及撒哈拉地区每代人生活的不同方式。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/287

8 TN - Ichkeul National Park (1980)

 Ichkeul National Park

The Ichkeul lake and wetland are a major stopover point for hundreds of thousands of migrating birds, such as ducks, geese, storks and pink flamingoes, who come to feed and nest there. Ichkeul is the last remaining lake in a chain that once extended across North Africa.

伊其克乌尔国家公园

伊其克乌尔湖和沼泽是上万种候鸟迁徙的主要中转站。鸭子、鹅、鹳、火烈鸟等鸟类都在此觅食筑巢。在贯穿整个北非的湖泊链条中，伊其克乌尔湖是现存的最后一个湖泊。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/8

Courtesy of hidalgo from postcrossing forum

Vintage card

1538 IT - Ivrea, industrial city of the 20th century (2018)

 Ivrea, industrial city of the 20th century

The industrial city of Ivrea is located in the Piedmont region and developed as the testing ground for Olivetti, manufacturer of typewriters, mechanical calculators and office computers. It comprises a large factory and buildings designed to serve the administration and social services, as well as residential units. Designed by leading Italian urban planners and architects, mostly between the 1930s and the 1960s, this architectural ensemble reflects the ideas of the Community Movement (Movimento Comunità). A model social project, Ivrea expresses a modern vision of the relationship between industrial production and architecture.

20世纪工业城市伊夫雷亚

工业城市伊夫雷亚位于皮埃蒙特地区，这里曾是打字机、机械计算机和办公电脑制造商好利获得（Olivetti）的试验场。遗产地包括一座大型工厂和用于行政、社会服务及住宅用途的建筑。该建筑群大多为20世纪30-60年代间的意大利著名城市规划师和建筑师的作品，是社区运动（Movimento Comunità）的体现。伊夫雷亚是一个典型的社会项目，表达了现代视野下工业生产与建筑之间的关系。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1538

Courtesy of srgboy from postcrossing forum

Social Services Centre

261 SC - Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve (1983)

Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve

In the heart of the small island of Praslin, the reserve has the vestiges of a natural palm forest preserved in almost its original state. The famous coco de mer, from a palm-tree once believed to grow in the depths of the sea, is the largest seed in the plant kingdom.

马埃谷地自然保护区

马埃谷地自然保护区位于普拉兰岛的中心地带，有着几乎保持在其原始状态下的天然海椰子林。著名的海椰子是植物王国里最大的种子，曾经被认为是长在深海里的一种棕榈树的果实。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/261

 Courtesy of dore92 from Postcrossing forum