Located in the former Imperial cathedral cities of Speyer, Worms and Mainz, in the Upper Rhine Valley, the serial site of Speyer, Worms and Mainz comprise the Speyer Jewry-Court, with the structures of the synagogue and women’s shul (Yiddish for synagogue), the archaeological vestiges of the yeshiva (religious school), the courtyard and the still intact underground mikveh (ritual bath), which has retained its high architectural and building quality. The property also comprises the Worms Synagogue Compound, with its in situ post-war reconstruction of the 12th century synagogue and 13th century women’s shul, the community hall (Rashi House), and the monumental 12th-century mikveh. The series also includes the Old Jewish Cemetery in Worms and the Old Jewish Cemetery in Mainz. The four component sites tangibly reflect the early emergence of distinctive Ashkenaz customs and the development and settlement pattern of the ShUM communities, particularly between the 11th and the 14th centuries. The buildings that constitute the property served as prototypes for later Jewish community and religious buildings as well as cemeteries in Europe. The acronym ShUM stands for the Hebrew initials of Speyer, Worms and Mainz.
施派尔、沃尔姆斯和美因茨的犹太社区遗址
该遗产地位于莱茵河谷上游的施派尔、沃尔姆斯和美因茨等前帝国座堂城市。施派尔犹太会堂部分包括犹太教堂和妇女会堂的建筑结构、犹太学校考古遗迹、庭院和仍然完好无损的地下浸礼池，建筑及施工质量很高。沃尔姆斯犹太会堂建筑群部分包括战后在原址重建的12世纪犹太教堂和13世纪妇女会堂、犹太社区礼堂和纪念性的12世纪浸礼池。遗产地还包括沃尔姆斯和美因茨的老犹太公墓。这4个组成部分生动地反映了独特的德系犹太人风俗的初期形成过程，以及犹太社区的发展和定居模式，尤以11-14世纪最为突出。这些建筑是后来欧洲犹太社区、宗教建筑以及墓地的原型。希伯来语中“犹太社区”（ShUM）一词就是施派尔、沃尔姆斯和美因茨的首字母缩写。
Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1636
1636-001 Speyer Jewry-Court- 1636-002 Worms Synagogue Compound
1636-003 Old Jewish Cemetery Worms- 1636-004 Old Jewish Cemetery Mains
Courtesy of Xiaoi from Postcrossing Forum
Courtesy of Cassiopheia from Postcrossing Forum
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| 1636-003 Old Jewish Cemetery Worms |
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