597 RO - Monastery of Horezu (1993)

 Monastery of Horezu

Founded in 1690 by Prince Constantine Brancovan, the monastery of Horezu, in Walachia, is a masterpiece of the 'Brancovan' style. It is known for its architectural purity and balance, the richness of its sculptural detail, the treatment of its religious compositions, its votive portraits and its painted decorative works. The school of mural and icon painting established at the monastery in the 18th century was famous throughout the Balkan region.

霍雷祖修道院

公元1690年，康斯坦丁•布兰科王子在瓦拉齐亚建立了霍雷祖修道院，修道院以其建筑的简洁和对称闻名于世，它的华美的雕塑、宗教艺术品、肖像画以及装饰画，成为布兰科艺术风格的典型代表。修道院的壁画及蚀刻画确立了霍雷祖修道院18世纪在巴尔干地区的绝对地位。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/597

Courtesy of manencov from postcrossing forum

 

1473 RO - Brâncuși Monumental Ensemble of Târgu Jiu (2024)

 Brâncuși Monumental Ensemble of Târgu Jiu

Austere, contemplative, yet accessible, the monumental ensemble of Târgu Jiu was created in 1937-1938 by Constantin Brâncuși, an influential pioneer of abstract sculpture, to commemorate those who died defending the city during the First World War. Located in two parks connected by the narrow Avenue of Heroes, the property includes the monumental ensemble of sculptural installations and the pre-existing Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, located on the axis. The remarkable fusion of abstract sculpture, landscape architecture, engineering, and urban planning conceived by Constantin Brâncuși goes far beyond the local wartime episode to offer an original vision of the human condition.

特尔古日乌的布朗库西组雕

特尔古日乌（Târgu Jiu）组雕庄严、沉静，却又平易近人。1937至1938年间，著名抽象雕塑先驱康斯坦丁·布朗库西（Constantin Brâncuși）创作了这组雕塑，以纪念在第一次世界大战中为保卫特尔古日乌城而牺牲的烈士。该遗产位于由狭窄的英雄大道连接的两座公园内，包括雕塑装置组，和中轴线上原有的圣使徒皮特和保罗教堂。布朗库西将抽象雕塑、景观设计、工程学及城市规划巧妙融合，使这组艺术作品远远超越当地战争纪念意义，而为观察人类生存状态提供了独特视角。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1473

• The Table of Silence (Masa tăcerii), 
• The Gate of the Kiss (Poarta sărutului), and 
• the Endless Column (Coloana fără Sfârșit)

Courtesy of manencov from postcrossing forum

The Table of Silence (Masa tăcerii)

Courtesy of manencov from postcrossing forum

The Gate of the Kiss (Poarta sărutului)

Courtesy of manencov from postcrossing forum

the Endless Column (Coloana fără Sfârșit)

1552 RO - Roșia Montană Mining Landscape (2021)

 Roșia Montană Mining Landscape

Located in the Metalliferous range of the Apuseni Mountains in the west of Romania, Roșia Montană features the most significant, extensive and technically diverse underground Roman gold mining complex known at the time of inscription. As Alburnus Maior, it was the site of extensive gold-mining during the Roman Empire. Over 166 years starting in 106 CE, the Romans extracted some 500 tonnes of gold from the site developing highly engineered works, different types of galleries totalling 7km and a number of waterwheels in four underground localities chosen for their high-grade ore. Wax‐coated wooden writing tablets have provided detailed legal, socio‐economic, demographic and linguistic information about the Roman mining activities, not just in Alburnus Maior but also across the wider Dacian province. The site demonstrates a fusion of imported Roman mining technology with locally developed techniques, unknown elsewhere from such an early era. Mining on the site was also carried out, albeit to a lesser extent, between medieval times and the modern era. The later extractive works surround and cut across the Roman galleries. The ensemble is set in an agro-pastoral landscape which largely reflects the structures of the communities that supported the mines between the 18th and early 20th centuries.

罗西亚蒙大拿矿业景观

罗西亚蒙大拿是位于罗马尼亚西部阿普塞尼山脉的金属矿区，它是已知的最重要、最大、技术上最多样化的罗马地下金矿开采遗址。作为阿尔伯努斯·麦欧尔旧矿，罗西亚蒙大拿是罗马帝国时期大量黄金开采活动的所在。自公元106年开始，在随后的166年里，罗马人从该地开采了约500吨黄金，并为此开发了高技术含量的工事，各类矿道总长达7公里，还为开采高品质矿石而在4个地下区域建造了水车。涂蜡的木板记载了关于这一时期采矿活动的详细法律、社会经济、人口统计和语言信息，范围不仅限于阿尔伯努斯·麦欧尔旧矿，而是适用于达契亚省。遗产地展示了外来的罗马采矿技术与本土技术的融合，这在同一时代未见于别处。从中世纪到现代，罗西亚蒙大拿的开采工作仍在继续，但规模较小。这些后来的采矿工事围绕着古罗马时期的矿道，并与之交织。这些遗址群位于农牧业景观中，在很大程度上反映了18世纪至20世纪初支撑矿区的社区机构。

 Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1552

Courtesy of manencov from postcrossing forum

vintage card

1718 RO - Frontiers of the Roman Empire – Dacia (2024)

Frontiers of the Roman Empire – Dacia

From 500 BCE on, the Roman Empire extended its territory across parts of Europe and North Africa until its frontier totaled some 7,500 kilometres by the 2nd century. The Romanian segment, the Dacian Limes, was operational from 106 to 271 CE. The property comprises 277 component parts and represents the longest, most complex land border of a former Roman province in Europe. Traversing diverse landscapes, it is defined by a network of individual sites that include legionary fortresses, auxiliary forts, earthen ramparts, watch towers, temporary camps and secular buildings. Dacia was the only Roman province entirely north of the Danube River. Its frontier protected it from ‘barbarian’ populations and controlled access to valuable gold and salt resources.

罗马帝国的边疆——达契亚

从公元前500年起，罗马帝国开始逐步向欧洲和北非扩张领土，到公元2世纪时，边界总长达到约7500公里。其中罗马尼亚段，即达契亚（Dacia ）边界，于公元106-271年间正常运作。该遗产由277个部分组成，是一位于欧洲的前罗马行省的最长、最复杂陆地边界。它穿越不同的地貌，将军团堡垒、辅助堡垒、土城墙、暸望塔、临时营地、世俗建筑连接成网。达契亚是古罗马唯一完全位于多瑙河北岸的行省，其边界既保护腹地免受“野蛮人”侵扰，又控制着获取黄金、盐等宝贵资源的通道。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1718

Courtesy of manencov from postcrossing forum

Map of Roman Dacia sites

1718-007 Drobeta-Turnu Severin -Podul lui Traian

1718-008 Drobeta-Turnu Severin -Drobeta

Courtesy of manencov from postcrossing forum

1718-023 Alba Iulia - Apulum 

Courtesy of manencov from postcrossing forum

1718-031 Turda - Potaissa / Dealul Cetății

Courtesy of manencov from postcrossing forum

1718-098 Porolissum

Courtesy of manencov from postcrossing forum

1718-237 Păușa - Arutela / Poiana Bivolari

1133 AT/BE/CZ/DE/ES/HR/IT/RO/UA - Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (2007)

Brief Description

"The Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathian, an outstanding example of undisturbed, complex temperate forests, constitute a transnational serial property of ten separate components along a 185 km axis from the Rakhiv Mountains and the Chornohirskyi Range in Ukraine, west along the Polonynian Ridge, to the Bukovské Vrchy and Vihorlat Mountains in Slovakia. They contain an invaluable genetic reservoir of beech and many species associated with, and dependent on, these forest habitats. They are also an outstanding example of the recolonization and development of terrestrial ecosystems and communities after the last Ice Age, a process which is still ongoing.

The Ancient Beech Forests of Germany, represent examples of on-going post-glacial biological and ecological evolution of terrestrial ecosystems and are indispensable to understanding the spread of the beech in the Northern Hemisphere across a variety of environments. The new inscription represents the addition of five forests totaling 4,391 hectares that are added to the 29,278 hectares of Slovakian and Ukranian beech forests inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2007. The tri-national property is now to be known as the Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and the Ancient Beech Forests of Germany (Slovakia, Ukraine, Germany)."

喀尔巴阡山脉原始山毛榉林
" 喀尔巴阡山脉原始山毛榉林，由10个跨国的连续遗产组成，沿185公里的轴线，从乌克兰拉希夫山脉和 Chornohirskyi西沿Polonynian山脊，一直到斯洛伐克的Bukovské Vrchy和Vihorlat山脉。这10个遗址是原始的、多元的温带森林的突出例子，展示了最完整、最广泛的生态模式和纯粹的欧洲山毛榉群丛在各种环境 条件下的生长过程。它们包含着宝贵的山毛榉基因库和与这些森林栖息地相关并依赖其生存的许多生物。它们还是上一个冰河时代后陆地生态系统和群落再移植和发 展的突出例子。"

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1133

2007 Ukraine
1133-001     Chornohora
1133-003     Kuziy-Trybushany
1133-004     Maramarosh
1133-007     Stuzhytsia – Uzhok
1133-008     Svydovets
1133-009     Uholka – Shyrikyi Luh
2007 Slovakia
1133-002     Havešová Primeval Forest
1133-005     Rožok
1133-006     Stužnica – Bukovské Vrchy
1133-010     Vihorlat
2011 Germany
1133bis-011     Jasmund
1133bis-012     Serrahn
1133bis-013     Grumsin
1133bis-014     Hainich
1133bis-015     Kellerwald
2017 Albania
2017 Austria
2017 Belgium
1133ter-024 to 027 Sonian Forest
2017 Bulgaria
2017 Croatia

1133-033 Hajdučki i Rožanski kukovi

1133-034 Paklenica National Park

2017 Italy
2017 Romania
2017 Slovenia
2017 Spain

1133quinquies-057 Hayedos de Ayllon – Tejera Negra

1133quinquies-058 Hayedos de Ayllon – Montejo

1133quinquies-059 Hayedos de Navarra – Lizardoia

1133quinquies-060 Hayedos de Navarra – Aztaparreta

1133quinquies-061 Hayedos de Picos de Europa – Cuesta Fria

1133quinquies-062 Hayedos de Picos de Europa – Canal de Asotin

2021 Czechia

1133-075 Jizera Mountains
2021 Slovakia

2021 North Macedonia

2021 Poland

• 1133quinquies-085 Border Ridge and Gorna Solinka valley (Bieszczady)
• 1133quinquies-086 Polonina Wetlinska and Smerek (Bieszczady)
• 1133quinquies-087 Terebowiec stream valley (Bieszczady)
• 1133quinquies-088 Wolosatka stream valley (Bieszczady)

2021 Bosnia and Herzegovina

2021 Switzerland

2021 France

Courtesy of Galina from Russia

 1133-001     Chornohora

 1133-004 Maramarosh

 1133-008 Svydovets (on the slope of Mount Stara)

1133-008 Svydovets (Mount Velyka Blyznytsia)

Courtesy of tsentaura from postcrossing forum

Courtesy of anjaaustel from postcrossing forum

1133-011 Jasmund - Germany

Courtesy of Eula from postcrossing forum

1133bis-013 Grumsin

Courtesy of Eula from postcrossing forum

1133bis-014 Hainich

 Courtesy of austria1234 from postcrossing forum

1133-018 Kalkalpen – Wilder Graben

 Courtesy of Javier Becerra from Spain

1133ter-024 to 027 Sonian Forest

Courtesy of Nikola2702 from postcrossing forum

1133-033 Hajdučki i Rožanski kukovi

Courtesy of Nikola2702 from postcrossing forum

1133-034 Paklenica National Park

Courtesy of  Jordi_65 from postcrossing forum

1133-057 Hayedos de Ayllon – Tejera Negra

Courtesy of Saint from postcrossing forum

Courtesy of manencov from postcrossing forum

Romania site

Courtesy of hs87 from postcrossing forum

1133-075 Jizera Mountains

Courtesy of sebiusz from postcrossing forum

Polonina Wetlinska

596 RO - Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania (1993)

Brief Description

"These Transylvanian villages with their fortified churches provide a vivid picture of the cultural landscape of southern Transylvania. The seven villages inscribed, founded by the Transylvanian Saxons, are characterized by a specific land-use system, settlement pattern and organization of the family farmstead that have been preserved since the late Middle Ages. They are dominated by their fortified churches, which illustrate building styles from the 13th to the 16th century."

特兰西瓦尼亚村落及其设防的教堂
"特兰西瓦尼亚村落和它的防御教堂，展现出了一幅生动的图画，为南部特兰西瓦尼亚的文化景观增色不少。这些村落有着自己独特的土地利 用制度、居住方式以及农庄的家庭组织单位，这些特点使特兰西瓦尼亚村落独具特色，自中世纪后期以来，村落及其设防的教堂一直完好保存下来，是13世纪至 16世纪建筑史上重要的插曲。"

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/596

596bis-001 Village of Biertan
596bis-002 Village of Prejmer-Tartlau
596bis-003 Village of Viscri
596bis-004 Village of Dârjiu
596bis-005 Village of Saschiz-Keisd
596bis-006 Village of Câlnic
596bis-007 Village of Valea Viilor

Courtesy of Mircea from g+

from top left clock wise, card 1-6 (2 and 6 are not unesco sites)
card 1: 596bis-001 Village of Biertan
card 3: 596bis-007 Village of Valea Viilor
card 4: 596bis-003 Village of Viscri
card 5: 596bis-006 Village of Câlnic

Courtesy of Mircea from g+

596bis-002 Village of Prejmer-Tartlau

906 RO - Dacian Fortresses of the Orastie Mountains (1999)

Brief Description

"Built in the 1st centuries B.C. and A.D. under Dacian rule, these fortresses show an unusual fusion of military and religious architectural techniques and concepts from the classical world and the late European Iron Age. The six defensive works, the nucleus of the Dacian Kingdom, were conquered by the Romans at the beginning of the 2nd century A.D.; their extensive and well-preserved remains stand in spectacular natural surroundings and give a dramatic picture of a vigorous and innovative civilization."

奥拉斯迪山的达亚恩城堡

"达亚恩城堡修建于公元前1世纪达亚恩人统治时期，体现了古老的军事宗教建筑技巧和欧洲铁器时代晚期建筑理念不同寻常的相互融合。这 里的6个防御工事，即达亚恩王国的中心，在公元2世纪时被罗马人占领; 大面积保存完好的遗址被壮丽的自然景观环绕，勾勒出一幅充满力量和革新意义的生动画面。"

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/906

906-001     Sarmizegetusa 
906-002     Costesti-Cetatuie
906-003     Costesti -Blidaru
906-004     Luncani-Piatra Rosie
906-005     Banita
906-006     Capâlna  

Courtesy of jennifermuliadi from postcrossing forum

906-001     Sarmizegetusa

Courtesy of violeta13 from postcrossing forum

906-003 Costesti -Blidaru Costesti

904 RO - Wooden Churches of Maramureş (1999)

Brief Description

"These eight churches are outstanding examples of a range of architectural solutions from different periods and areas. They show the variety of designs and craftsmanship adopted in these narrow, high, timber constructions with their characteristic tall, slim clock towers at the western end of the building, either single- or double-roofed and covered by shingles. As such, they are a particular vernacular expression of the cultural landscape of this mountainous area of northern Romania."

马拉暮莱斯的木结构教堂
"马拉暮莱斯的木结构教堂，展示了不同时期、不同地区的8个教堂建筑物的不同方面。它的设计灵活，具有多变性，工艺绝伦，极具个性。教堂西端有高耸的钟塔，单层和双层的屋顶铺盖着鹅卵石。马拉暮莱斯的木结构教堂是罗马尼亚北部地区重要的文化景观。"

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/904
 
904-001 Church of the Presentation of the Virgin at the Temple, Bârsana
904-002 Church of Saint Nicholas, Budesti
904-003 Church of the Holy Paraskeva, Desesti
904-004 Church of the Nativity of the Virgin, Ieud
904-005 Church of the Holy Archangels, Plopis, Sisesti
904-006 Church of the Holy Parasceve, Poienile Izei
904-007 Church of the Holy Archangels, Rogoz, Târgu-Lapus
904-008 Church of the Holy Archangels, Surdesti, Sisesti

Courtesy of daniela_dmp from postcrossing forum

Courtesy of violeta13 from postcrossing forum

904-001 Church of the Presentation of the Virgin at the Temple, Bârsana

Courtesy of manencov from postcrossing forum

904-005 Church of the Holy Archangels, Plopis, Sisesti

Courtesy of manencov from postcrossing forum

904-006 Church of the Holy Parasceve, Poienile Izei

Courtesy of manencov from postcrossing forum

904-007 Church of the Holy Archangels, Rogoz, Târgu-Lapus

Courtesy of MissPatitav from postcrossing forum

904-008 Church of the Holy Archangels, Surdesti, Sisesti