1662 TH - The Ancient Town of Si Thep and its Associated Dvaravati Monuments (2023)

 The Ancient Town of Si Thep and its Associated Dvaravati Monuments

This is a serial property of three component parts: a distinctive twin-town site, featuring an Inner and Outer Town surrounded by moats; the massive Khao Klang Nok ancient monument; and the Khao Thamorrat Cave ancient monument. Together these sites represent the architecture, artistic traditions and religious diversity of the Dvaravati Empire that thrived in Central Thailand from the 6th to the 10th centuries, demonstrating the influences from India. The local adaptation of these traditions resulted in a distinctive artistic tradition known as the Si Thep School of Art which later influenced other civilizations in Southeast Asia.

西贴古镇及相关陀罗钵地古迹

这个系列遗产由3部分组成：独具特色的双城遗址（护城河环绕内外城）、规模宏大的考巴生（Khao Klang Nok），以及考塔莫拉洞穴（Khao Thamorrat Cave）。陀罗钵地帝国于6-10世纪在泰国中部蓬勃发展，这些遗址共同展现了其建筑、艺术传统、宗教多样性，也反映了印度对它的影响。这些传统在当地人的改造下发展成独特的艺术传统，即后来影响东南亚其他文明的西贴（Si Thep）艺术流派。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1662

• 1662-001 The Ancient Town of Si Thep
• 1662-002 Khao Klang Nok ancient monument
• 1662-003 Khao Thamorrat Cave ancient monument

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1014 MY - The Archaeological Heritage of Niah National Park’s Caves Complex (2024)

 The Archaeological Heritage of Niah National Park’s Caves Complex

This complex of colossal, interconnected caverns is located near the west coast of Borneo Island at the centre of Niah National Park.  It contains the longest known records of human interaction with rainforest, spanning at least 50,000 years, from the Pleistocene to the Mid-Holocene periods. The rich archaeological deposits, prehistoric rock paintings and boat-shaped burials found at the northern edge of the massif illustrate biological and human life during this time, and contribute greatly to the knowledge of human development, adaptation and migration in southeast Asia, as well as in a global context. Local communities still observe an ancient tradition of molong – ‘take only what you need’— when harvesting guano and valuable edible bird’s nests from the caves.

尼亚国家公园洞穴考古遗产

该遗产位于婆罗洲岛西海岸附近的尼亚（Niah）国家公园中心，由相互连接的巨型洞穴组成。这里保留了人类在雨林活动的已知最长记录，从更新世到全新世中期，时间跨度至少5万年。山丘北部边缘有丰富的考古遗迹，以及史前岩画和船棺墓葬，展示了这一时期的生物和人类活动，并极大地增进了人们对东南亚乃至全球范围内人类发展、适应、迁徙相关知识的了解。当地居民在洞穴中收集鸟粪和珍贵的食用燕窝时，仍遵奉古老的莫隆（molong）传统，意为“只取所需”。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1014

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1667 KH - Koh Ker: Archaeological Site of Ancient Lingapura or Chok Gargyar (2023)

 Koh Ker: Archaeological Site of Ancient Lingapura or Chok Gargyar

The archaeological site of Koh Ker is a sacred urban ensemble of numerous temples and sanctuaries including sculptures, inscriptions, wall paintings, and archaeological remains. Constructed over a twenty-three-year period, it was one of two rival Khmer Empire capitals – the other being Angkor – and was the sole capital from 928 to 944 CE. Established by King Jayavarman IV, his sacred city was believed to be laid out on the basis of ancient Indian religious concepts of the universe. The new city demonstrated unconventional city planning, artistic expression and construction technology, especially the use of very large monolithic stone blocks.

贡开：林迦之城（荣耀之城）考古遗址

贡开遗址是由众多寺庙和圣殿组成的神圣城市群，包括雕塑、铭文、壁画和考古遗迹。贡开城历经23年建成，一度与吴哥竞争高棉帝国都城之位，并在公元928-944年享有这一尊荣。这座圣城由国王阇耶跋摩四世建立，据信其布局遵循古印度教宇宙观。它展现出非典型的城市规划、高超的艺术表现和建筑技术，其中超大型单体石块的应用尤为突出。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1667

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1224 KH - Temple of Preah Vihear (2008)

 Temple of Preah Vihear

Situated on the edge of a plateau that dominates the plain of Cambodia, the Temple of Preah Vihear is dedicated to Shiva. The Temple is composed of a series of sanctuaries linked by a system of pavements and staircases over an 800 metre long axis and dates back to the first half of the 11th century AD. Nevertheless, its complex history can be traced to the 9th century, when the hermitage was founded. This site is particularly well preserved, mainly due to its remote location. The site is exceptional for the quality of its architecture, which is adapted to the natural environment and the religious function of the temple, as well as for the exceptional quality of its carved stone ornamentation.

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1507 TH - Phu Phrabat, a testimony to the Sīma stone tradition of the Dvaravati period (2024)

The property illustrates the Sīma stone tradition of the Dvaravati period (7th-11th centuries CE). While sacred boundary markers for areas of Theravada Buddhist monastic practice vary in materials, extensive use of stones is found only in the Khorat Plateau region in Southeast Asia. Buddhism’s arrival in the 7th century led to an increase in the erection of Sīma stones throughout the region for over four centuries. The Phu Phrabat Mountain area preserves the largest corpus in the world of in situ Sīma stones from the Dvaravati period, testifying to the tradition that once prevailed in the region. The scale of Sīma stone erection and rock shelter modification has transformed the natural landscape into a religious centre, and rock paintings on surfaces of 47 rock shelters are the physical evidence of human occupation over two millennia.

普普拉巴特历史公园

普普拉巴特（Phu Phrabat）历史公园体现了陀罗钵地王国时期（公元7-11世纪）的界石（Sīma）传统。在不同地区的上座部佛教寺院，用来标识修行区域的界标材质各不相同，只有在东南亚的呵叻高原地区才发现大量使用界石的情况。在佛教于公元7世纪传入该地区后长达4个多世纪的时间里，树立界石的场所逐渐增多。普普拉巴特山区保存着世界上数量最多的原址陀罗钵地时期界石，证明了该地区曾盛行这一传统。大量树立的界石和对岩棚的广泛改造，使这一自然景观转变为宗教中心。47座岩棚表面的岩画则是逾2千年来人类居住的例证。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1507

 

Courtesy of SLLiew from Malaysia

1209 MX - Agave Landscape and Ancient Industrial Facilities of Tequila (2006)

Brief Description

"The 34,658 ha site, between the foothills of the Tequila Volcano and the deep valley of the Rio Grande River, is part of an expansive landscape of blue agave, shaped by the culture of the plant used since the 16th century to produce tequila spirit and for at least 2,000 years to make fermented drinks and cloth. Within the landscape are working distilleries reflecting the growth in the international consumption of tequila in the 19th and 20th centuries. Today, the agave culture is seen as part of national identity. The area encloses a living, working landscape of blue agave fields and the urban settlements of Tequila, Arenal, and Amatitan with large distilleries where the agave ‘pineapple' is fermented and distilled. The property is also a testimony to the Teuchitlan cultures which shaped the Tequila area from AD 200-900, notably through the creation of terraces for agriculture, housing, temples, ceremonial mounds and ball courts."

龙舌兰景观和特基拉的古代工业设施
"在特基拉火山脚和格兰德河河谷间有一个面积34 658公顷的遗址，它是广袤的蓝色龙舌兰生长地的一部分。这里因龙舌兰的种植而发生改变。自16世纪以来，人们就用这种植物生产龙舌兰酒。在过去的两千多 年里，人们用它酿造各种饮料，并用来织布。该景观内有很多酿酒厂仍在生产，反映了19世纪和20世纪全世界龙舌兰酒消费量上升的趋势。现在种植龙舌兰已经 成为墨西哥不可缺少的一部分。该遗址拥有一大片生机盎然的龙舌兰种植地，同时也是特基拉、阿雷纳和阿玛提坦城的城市聚落。很多大型酿酒厂在这里酿制和提取 龙舌兰“菠萝”。列入《名录》的遗产包括龙舌兰种植地、酿酒厂、工厂（包括仍然开展生产的和已经停产的）、酒坊（西班牙统治时期的非法酿酒厂）、小镇和塔 木西兰 考古遗址。遗产中还有很多农庄，即不动产，有些可以追溯到18世纪。工厂和农庄都是石砖和土砖结构，墙上涂有赭色石灰，建筑内有石拱、榫子和窗上装饰物， 以及设计整齐的新古典主义风格或巴洛克风格的装饰品。这些建筑反映了前西班牙统治时期酿制龙舌兰酒的传统与欧洲提取工艺的融合，以及当地技术与从欧洲和美 国引进的技术的融合。该遗产还包括见证塔栖兰文化的考古遗址。从公元200年到900年，特基拉地区就因塔栖兰文化的影响而发生了改变，主要表现在修造梯 田以促进农业发展，建造房屋、庙宇和用于纪念仪式的土墩及球场。 "

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1209

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481 LA - Vat Phou and Associated Ancient Settlements within the Champasak Cultural Landscape (2001)

Brief Description

"The Champasak cultural landscape, including the Vat Phou Temple complex, is a remarkably well-preserved planned landscape more than 1,000 years old. It was shaped to express the Hindu vision of the relationship between nature and humanity, using an axis from mountain top to river bank to lay out a geometric pattern of temples, shrines and waterworks extending over some 10 km. Two planned cities on the banks of the Mekong River are also part of the site, as well as Phou Kao mountain. The whole represents a development ranging from the 5th to 15th centuries, mainly associated with the Khmer Empire."

占巴塞文化景观内的瓦普庙和相关古民居

"占巴塞文化景观，包括瓦普神庙建筑群，是一处完好保留了1000多年的人类文化景观。占巴塞文化景观，以山顶至河岸为轴心，在方圆 10公里的地方，整齐而有规划地建造了一系列庙宇、神殿和水利设施，完美表达了古代印度文明中天人关系的文化理念。占巴塞文化景观还包括湄公河两岸的两座 文化名城和普高山，体现了公元5世纪到15世纪以高棉帝国为代表的老挝文化发展概况。"

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/481

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192 YE - Old Walled City of Shibam (1982)

Brief Description

"Surrounded by a fortified wall, the 16th-century city of Shibam is one of the oldest and best examples of urban planning based on the principle of vertical construction. Its impressive tower-like structures rise out of the cliff and have given the city the nickname of ‘the Manhattan of the desert’."

城墙环绕的希巴姆古城

"建于16世纪的希巴姆古城堡被军事防御墙所环绕，是基于垂直建筑规则建造的最古老、最杰出的城市规划典范之一。古城建在悬崖峭壁之上，其塔状建筑令人印象深刻，城市由此得名“沙漠中的曼哈顿”。"

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/192

Courtesy of SLLiew from Malaysia

MY1921 - The Taman Negara National Park of Peninsular Malaysia (2004)

Courtesy of SLLiew from Malaysia

602 UZ - Historic Centre of Bukhara (1993)

Brief Description

"Bukhara, which is situated on the Silk Route, is more than 2,000 years old. It is the most complete example of a medieval city in Central Asia, with an urban fabric that has remained largely intact. Monuments of particular interest include the famous tomb of Ismail Samani, a masterpiece of 10th-century Muslim architecture, and a large number of 17th-century madrasas."

布哈拉历史中心

"丝绸之路上的布哈拉已有两千多年的历史。在中亚城市之中，它完好地保存了绝大多数建筑物，是中世纪城市的典范。其中著名的纪念物有伊斯梅尔·萨马尼的著名墓碑，公元10世纪穆斯林的建筑杰作以及17世纪的一批建筑。"

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/602

In the near citadel of Ark and in the far Kalyan minaret

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575 TH - Ban Chiang Archaeological Site (1992)

Brief Description

"Ban Chiang is considered the most important prehistoric settlement so far discovered in South-East Asia. It marks an important stage in human cultural, social and technological evolution. The site presents the earliest evidence of farming in the region and of the manufacture and use of metals."

班清考古遗址

"班清被视为迄今为止在东南亚发现的最重要的史前聚居地，它的发现向人们揭示了人类文化、社会和技术发展过程中的一个很重要的阶段。该遗址发掘出来的葬物证实该地区曾有过农业耕作、制造和使用金属的活动，也是迄今为止所能提供的最早的此类证明。"

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/575

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479 LA - Town of Luang Prabang (1995)

Brief Description

"Luang Prabang is an outstanding example of the fusion of traditional architecture and Lao urban structures with those built by the European colonial authorities in the 19th and 20th centuries. Its unique, remarkably well-preserved townscape illustrates a key stage in the blending of these two distinct cultural traditions."

琅勃拉邦的古城

"琅勃拉邦的古城是19世纪至20世纪欧洲殖民者建造的传统建筑与老挝城市结构相融合的突出典范。它独特的镇区保存十分完美，表现了两种截然不同的文化传统相互融合的关键阶段。"

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/479

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543 UZ - Itchan Kala (1990)

Brief Description

"Itchan Kala is the inner town (protected by brick walls some 10 m high) of the old Khiva oasis, which was the last resting-place of caravans before crossing the desert to Iran. Although few very old monuments still remain, it is a coherent and well-preserved example of the Muslim architecture of Central Asia. There are several outstanding structures such as the Djuma Mosque, the mausoleums and the madrasas and the two magnificent palaces built at the beginning of the 19th century by Alla-Kulli-Khan."
伊钦•卡拉内城

"伊钦·卡拉城是一座古老的希瓦绿洲的内城，由10米高的砖墙保护着，它是通往伊朗的沙漠中商队的最后一个驿站。尽管只有很 少的一些古老纪念性建筑保存在那里，但它依然是中亚保存完好的穆斯林建筑群中的典范，其中著名的建筑如德尤马清真寺、陵墓以及19世纪初由阿拉－库里可汗 修建的两座辉煌的宫殿。"
Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/543

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81 FR - Chartres Cathedral (1979)

Brief Description

"Partly built starting in 1145, and then reconstructed over a 26-year period after the fire of 1194, Chartres Cathedral marks the high point of French Gothic art. The vast nave, in pure ogival style, the porches adorned with fine sculptures from the middle of the 12th century, and the magnificent 12th- and 13th-century stained-glass windows, all in remarkable condition, combine to make it a masterpiece."
沙特尔大教堂

"沙特尔大教堂部分始建于1145年，1194年遭遇火灾，后历经26年重建方再现原貌，可谓法国哥特式建筑的颠峰之作。高 大的中殿呈纯粹的尖拱型，四周的门廊装饰着12世纪中叶的精美雕刻，再加上12世纪和13世纪光彩夺目的彩色玻璃，所有的这一切都是那么非凡卓越，堪称经 典杰作。"
Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/81

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