1058 MA - Portuguese City of Mazagan (El Jadida) (2004)

 Portuguese City of Mazagan (El Jadida)

The Portuguese fortification of Mazagan, now part of the city of El Jadida, 90-km southwest of Casablanca, was built as a fortified colony on the Atlantic coast in the early 16th century. It was taken over by the Moroccans in 1769. The fortification with its bastions and ramparts is an early example of Renaissance military design. The surviving Portuguese buildings include the cistern and the Church of the Assumption, built in the Manueline style of late Gothic architecture. The Portuguese City of Mazagan - one of the early settlements of the Portuguese explorers in West Africa on the route to India - is an outstanding example of the interchange of influences between European and Moroccan cultures, well reflected in architecture, technology, and town planning.

马扎甘葡萄牙城

卡萨布兰卡西南90公里处的马扎甘军事要塞是葡萄牙人16世纪早期在大西洋海岸修筑的殖民地，现在为贾迪达市的一个部分。1769年，被摩洛哥人夺取。防御工事及其城墙和堡垒具有文艺复兴军事设计的早期风格。保留下来的葡萄牙式建筑包括水塔和圣母升天教堂，带有晚期哥特式建筑的曼奴埃尔风格。葡萄牙城是葡萄牙探险者通往印度途中在西部非洲建立的早期殖民地之一，这里是欧洲与摩洛哥文化相互影响交流和融会的例证，这一点在建筑、技术和城镇规划方面均得到完美的体现。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1058

Courtesy of abouelhouda from postcrossing forum

Interior

1106 IR - Pasargadae (2004)

Pasargadae was the first dynastic capital of the Achaemenid Empire, founded by Cyrus II the Great, in Pars, homeland of the Persians, in the 6th century BC. Its palaces, gardens and the mausoleum of Cyrus are outstanding examples of the first phase of royal Achaemenid art and architecture and exceptional testimonies of Persian civilization. Particularly noteworthy vestiges in the 160-ha site include: the Mausoleum of Cyrus II; Tall-e Takht, a fortified terrace; and a royal ensemble of gatehouse, audience hall, residential palace and gardens. Pasargadae was the capital of the first great multicultural empire in Western Asia. Spanning the Eastern Mediterranean and Egypt to the Hindus River, it is considered to be the first empire that respected the cultural diversity of its different peoples. This was reflected in Achaemenid architecture, a synthetic representation of different cultures.

帕萨尔加德

帕萨尔加德是阿契美尼德帝国第一个朝代的首都，由赛勒斯二世(Cyrus II)于公元前6世纪在波斯人的土地上建造而成。它的宫殿、花园和赛勒斯的陵墓都突出反映了皇家艺术和建筑特色，以及波斯人的文明程度。160公顷的遗址包括：赛勒斯二世的陵墓、防御看台塔勒塔克、皇家门楼建筑、谒见厅、寝宫和花园。帕萨尔加德是西亚第一个多文化帝国的首都，其疆域从地中海东部、埃及延伸到印度河地区，被认为是第一个尊重其子民文化多样性的帝国。从阿契美尼德的建筑可反映出其对不同文化的融会贯通。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1106

Courtesy of hidalgo from Postcrossing Forum

Tomb of Cyrus the Great

1091 KP - Complex of Koguryo Tombs (2004)

 Complex of Koguryo Tombs

The property includes several group and individual tombs - totalling about 30 individual tombs - from the later period of the Koguryo Kingdom, one of the strongest kingdoms in nowadays northeast China and half of the Korean peninsula between the 3rd century BC to 7th century AD. The tombs, many with beautiful wall paintings, are almost the only remains of this culture. Only about 90 out of more than 10,000 Koguryo tombs discovered in China and Korea so far, have wall paintings. Almost half of these tombs are located on this site and they are thought to have been made for the burial of kings, members of the royal family and the aristocracy. These paintings offer a unique testimony to daily life of this period.

高句丽古墓群

墓群包括几组墓葬和一些独立的墓葬，共计约30座，是公元前3世纪至公元7世纪中国东北部和朝鲜半岛一半地区最强大的帝国之一——高句丽帝国后期的古墓，多以精美的壁画装饰，几乎是高句丽文化唯一的遗迹。迄今为止，在中国和朝鲜发现的10 000多座高句丽古墓中只有90座古墓绘有壁画。其中半数以上就在该遗址，被认为是高句丽帝王、皇室成员或贵族的墓葬。这些壁画以独特的方式反映了当时的日常生活。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1091

• 1091-001 Tomb of King Tongmyong and Jinpha-ri group of tombs 平壤东明王陵与真坡里古坟群
• 1091-002 Homam-ri Sasin (Four Deities) Tomb 平壤湖南里四神冢
• 1091-003 Tokhwa-ri Tombs No. 1,2,3 平安南道德花里1、2、3号坟
• 1091-004 Kangso Three Tombs 南浦江西三墓
• 1091-005 Tokhung-ri Tomb 南浦德兴里古坟
• 1091-006 Yaksu-ri Tomb 南浦药水里古坟
• 1091-007 Susan-ri Tomb 南浦水山里古坟
• 1091-008 Ryonggang Great Tomb 南浦龙冈大冢
• 1091-009 Twin-Column Tomb 南浦双楹冢
• 1091-010 Anak Tomb No. 1 黄海南道安岳1号坟
• 1091-011 Anak Tomb No. 2 黄海南道安岳2号坟
• 1091-012 Anak Tomb No. 3 黄海南道安岳3号坟

1091-001 Tomb of King Tongmyong

1091-012 Anak Tomb No. 3 黄海南道安岳3号坟 - Owner 佟寿墓

1091-012 Anak Tomb No. 3 黄海南道安岳3号坟 - Owner wife

1091-012 Anak Tomb No. 3 黄海南道安岳3号坟 - Processing scene

1091-012 Anak Tomb No. 3 黄海南道安岳3号坟 - Indoor life

1026 IT - Val d'Orcia (2004)

Brief Description

"The landscape of Val d’Orcia is part of the agricultural hinterland of Siena, redrawn and developed when it was integrated in the territory of the city-state in the 14th and 15th centuries to reflect an idealized model of good governance and to create an aesthetically pleasing picture. The landscape’s distinctive aesthetics, flat chalk plains out of which rise almost conical hills with fortified settlements on top, inspired many artists. Their images have come to exemplify the beauty of well-managed Renaissance agricultural landscapes. The inscription covers: an agrarian and pastoral landscape reflecting innovative land-management systems; towns and villages; farmhouses; and the Roman Via Francigena and its associated abbeys, inns, shrines, bridges, etc."

瓦尔•迪奥西亚公园文化景观

"瓦尔·迪奥西亚公园文化景观是西耶那农业腹地的一部分。为了反映理想化的良好治理模式并创造一幅令人愉悦的美景，在公元 14和15世纪划入城市国家领土时进行了重新规划和开发。灰白色的平原上耸立着点点突起的圆锥形小山峰，上面散布着一些定居点，这景致给人一种与众不同的 美感。瓦尔·迪奥西亚的景观是文艺复兴时期农业美景得到良好管理的证明。列入《世界文化遗产名录》的景点包括:反映创造性土地管理体系的田园景象、小镇和 村庄、通往罗马的法兰西珍那古道及其沿途的修道院、客栈、神殿和桥等。"

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1206

Courtesy of mucciniale from postcrossing

Pienza

1160 AD - Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley (2004)

Brief Description

"The cultural landscape of Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley offers a microcosmic perspective of the way people have harvested the resources of the high Pyrenees over millennia. Its dramatic glacial landscapes of craggy cliffs and glaciers, with high open pastures and steep wooded valleys, covers an area of 4,247 ha, 9% of the total area of the principality. It reflects past changes in climate, economic fortune and social systems, as well as the persistence of pastoralism and a strong mountain culture, notably the survival of a communal land-ownership system dating back to the 13th century. The site features houses, notably summer settlements, terraced fields, stone tracks and evidence of iron smelting."

马德留－配拉菲塔－克拉罗尔大峡谷

"马德留－配拉菲塔－克拉罗尔大峡谷就是几千年来人们在高高的比利牛斯山脉上辛勤劳作的缩影。这里的冰川景观壮丽迷人，到处有悬崖峭 壁、冰川林立，还有那广阔的高山牧场和层林覆盖的溪谷。遗产面积达4,247公顷，占安道尔公国总面积的9%。遗产反映了气候、经济和社会的变迁，以及田 园主义的生生不息和山区文化的深厚浓郁。遗产地景观主要有房舍，尤其是避暑住区，还有梯田、石头小径和炼铁遗迹。"

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1160

Courtesy of Martinha from postcrossing forum

Madriu Valley

945 IN - Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) (2004)

Brief Description

"The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, formerly known as Victoria Terminus Station, in Mumbai, is an outstanding example of Victorian Gothic Revival architecture in India, blended with themes deriving from Indian traditional architecture. The building, designed by the British architect F. W. Stevens, became the symbol of Bombay as the ‘Gothic City’ and the major international mercantile port of India. The terminal was built over 10 years, starting in 1878, according to a High Victorian Gothic design based on late medieval Italian models. Its remarkable stone dome, turrets, pointed arches and eccentric ground plan are close to traditional Indian palace architecture. It is an outstanding example of the meeting of two cultures, as British architects worked with Indian craftsmen to include Indian architectural tradition and idioms thus forging a new style unique to Bombay."

贾特拉帕蒂•希瓦吉终点站（前维多利亚终点站）

"贾特拉帕蒂·希瓦吉终点站旧名孟买的维多利亚终点站，是印度维多利亚时代哥特式复兴风格的建筑典范，融合了印度传统建筑的 主题。由英国建筑师F.W.Stevens设计的这座建筑成为孟买这个“哥特式城市”和印度重要的国际商业港口城市的象征。终点站根据中世纪晚期意大利模 式的哥特式设计建造，从1878年开始，历时十年以上。其引人注目的石头圆屋顶、塔楼、尖拱和不规则的地面设计, 都接近传统的印度宫殿建筑。英国建筑师和印度工匠相互协作，融合了印度的建筑传统和风格，形成了孟买独一无二的新风格，这是两种文化交汇的杰出典范。"

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/945

Courtesy of seetas from postcrossing forum

1137 LT - Kernavė Archaeological Site (2004)

Brief Description

"The Kernavė Archaeological site, about 35 km north-west of Vilnius in eastern Lithuania, represents an exceptional testimony to some 10 millennia of human settlements in this region. Situated in the valley of the River Neris, the site is a complex ensemble of archaeological properties, encompassing the town of Kernavė, forts, some unfortified settlements, burial sites and other archaeological, historical and cultural monuments from the late Palaeolithic Period to the Middle Ages. The site of 194,4 ha has preserved the traces of ancient land-use, as well as remains of five impressive hill forts, part of an exceptionally large defence system. Kernavė was an important feudal town in the Middle Ages. The town was destroyed by the Teutonic Order in the late 14th century, however the site remained in use until modern times."

克拿维考古遗址（克拿维文化保护区）
"克拿维考古遗址位于立陶宛东部，在维 尔纽斯西北约35公里处，是该地区人类居住约10 000年历史的特别例证。遗址群坐落在涅里斯河谷地，包括克拿维城、堡垒、一些未设防的居住地、墓地和从旧石器时代晚期到中世纪时其他的考古、历史和文化 遗迹。该遗址面积为194.4公顷，保留有古代土地使用的遗迹，还有五个山上堡垒（大型防御系统的一部分）的残留部分。克拿维是中世纪一个重要的封建城 镇。 虽然该城在14世纪晚期受到条顿骑士团规约的破坏，但是直到现代还在继续使用中。"

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1137

Courtesy of kosmonautas from postcrossing

1150 GB - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City (2004)

Brief Description

"Six areas in the historic centre and docklands of the maritime mercantile City of Liverpool bear witness to the development of one of the world’s major trading centres in the 18th and 19th centuries. Liverpool played an important role in the growth of the British Empire and became the major port for the mass movement of people, e.g. slaves and emigrants from northern Europe to America. Liverpool was a pioneer in the development of modern dock technology, transport systems and port management. The listed sites feature a great number of significant commercial, civic and public buildings, including St George’s Plateau."

利物浦海上商城

"利物浦海上商城的历史中心分为6个区，见证了18世纪至19世纪世界主要贸易中心的发展历程。利物浦在英联邦的发展史上扮演着重要 角色，并成为运送大量人口的主要港口，例如从北欧向美洲运送奴隶和移民。利物浦是现代船舶技术、运输系统和港口管理发展的先驱。这些遗产以大量重要的商 业、民用和公用建筑而著称，包括圣乔治高原。"

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1150
 

Courtesy of Bärbel from Liverpool, England 

Pier Head- the Royal Liver Building, the Cunard Building, and Port of Liverpool Building

Albert Dock

1007 ZA - Cape Floral Region Protected Areas (2004)

Brief Description

"A serial site – in Cape Province, South Africa – made up of eight protected areas, covering 553,000 ha, the Cape Floral Region is one of the richest areas for plants in the world. It represents less than 0.5% of the area of Africa but is home to nearly 20% of the continent’s flora. The site displays outstanding ecological and biological processes associated with the Fynbos vegetation, which is unique to the Cape Floral Region. The outstanding diversity, density and endemism of the flora are among the highest worldwide. Unique plant reproductive strategies, adaptive to fire, patterns of seed dispersal by insects, as well as patterns of endemism and adaptive radiation found in the flora, are of outstanding value to science."

弗洛勒尔角

"弗洛勒尔角是南非开普省的一处系列遗址，由8个保护区组成，占地553 000公顷，是世界上植物最茂密的地方之一。这个不到非洲面积0.5%的地方却是全非洲将近20%的植物种植区。展现了弗洛勒尔角地区与高山硬叶灌木有关 的生态和生物进化进程。其突出的植被多样性、密度和地方特殊性在全世界范围内都是独一无二的。植物独特的自我再生复制功能、适应火险、由昆虫来传播种子， 以及当地植物种类和适应性放射，这些都具有独特的科学价值。"

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1007

• Table Mountain National Park.
• Cederberg Wilderness Area.
• Groot Winterhoek Wilderness Area.
• Boland Mountain Complex.
• De Hoop Nature Reserve.
• Boosmansbos Wilderness Area.
• Swartberg Complex.
• Baviaanskloof Mega Reserve.

Courtesy of Claus from Germany

1007-001 Cape Peninsula National Park

Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens

1081 MN - Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape (2004)

Brief Description

"The 121,967-ha Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape encompasses an extensive area of pastureland on both banks of the Orkhon River and includes numerous archaeological remains dating back to the 6th century. The site also includes Kharkhorum, the 13th- and 14th-century capital of Chingis (Genghis) Khan’s vast Empire. Collectively the remains in the site reflect the symbiotic links between nomadic, pastoral societies and their administrative and religious centres, and the importance of the Orkhon valley in the history of central Asia. The grassland is still grazed by Mongolian nomadic pastoralists."

鄂尔浑峡谷文化景观

"占地121 967公顷的鄂尔浑峡谷文化景观包括鄂尔浑河两岸辽阔的牧地与可追溯到公元6世纪的考古遗迹群。此外，这个地区还包含13世纪和14世纪成吉思汗的大帝国 首都哈尔和林。鄂尔浑峡谷文化景观中的遗址都清楚地反映出游牧生活、游牧民族社会与管理和宗教中心的共生关联性，并且展现出鄂尔浑峡谷在中亚历史上的重要 性。现在这片草原上仍有蒙古国的游牧民族在此放牧。"

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1081

Courtesy of 肉圆 who visited the site

Erdene Zuu Monastery

Courtesy of Saint from postcrossing forum

1158 IT - Etruscan Necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia (2004)

Brief Description

"These two large Etruscan cemeteries reflect different types of burial practices from the 9th to the 1st century BC, and bear witness to the achievements of Etruscan culture. Wich over nine centuries developed the earliest urban civilization in the nothern Mediterranean. Some of the tombs are monumental, cut in rock and topped by impressive tumuli (burial mounds). Many feature carvings on their walls, others have wall paintings of outstanding quality. The necropolis near Cerveteri, known as Banditaccia, contains thousands of tombs organized in a city-like plan, with streets, small squares and neighbourhoods. The site contains very different types of tombs: trenches cut in rock; tumuli; and some, also carved in rock, in the shape of huts or houses with a wealth of structural details. These provide the only surviving evidence of Etruscan residential architecture. The necropolis of Tarquinia, also known as Monterozzi, contains 6,000 graves cut in the rock. It is famous for its 200 painted tombs, the earliest of which date from the 7th century BC."

塞尔维托里和塔尔奎尼亚的伊特鲁立亚人公墓

"这两座巨大的伊特鲁立亚人墓葬反映了公元前9世纪至公元前1世纪不同的墓葬形式，是伊特鲁立亚文化成就的见证。它们在九个多世纪里 推动了地中海北部地区最早的城市文明的发展。有些坟墓以岩石刻成，上面是给人深刻印象的墓丘。坟墓的墙壁上有很多质量精美的壁画和岩石雕刻。靠近塞尔维托 里的墓地又以公墓见称，包括数千个以类似城市规划的模式安置的墓地，带有街道、小广场和邻近居所。这里有不同类型的墓葬: 岩刻沟渠和坟墓，也有一些石刻的棚屋或房舍形状的墓室，带有许多更加精致的建筑结构。这些是伊特鲁立亚人民居建筑的仅存证明。塔尔奎尼亚墓葬群一般称之为 曼特罗契(Monterozzi)，包括了6000座岩石刻成的坟墓。其中200座有壁画的墓葬最著名，最早的可以追溯到公元前7世纪。"

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1158

 

Etruscan Necropolises of Cerveteri

Etruscan Necropolises of Tarquinia

Courtesy of Diaboluke from postcrossing forum

Tomba dei Giocolieri - Tarquinia

1142 JP - Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range (2004)

Description

"Set in the dense forests of the Kii Mountains overlooking the Pacific Ocean, three sacred sites – Yoshino and Omine, Kumano Sanzan, Koyasan – linked by pilgrimage routes to the ancient capital cities of Nara and Kyoto, reflect the fusion of Shinto, rooted in the ancient tradition of nature worship in Japan, and Buddhism, which was introduced from China and the Korean Peninsula. The sites (495.3 ha) and their surrounding forest landscape reflect a persistent and extraordinarily well-documented tradition of sacred mountains over 1,200 years. The area, with its abundance of streams, rivers and waterfalls, is still part of the living culture of Japan and is much visited for ritual purposes and hiking, with up to 15 million visitors annually. Each of the three sites contains shrines, some of which were founded as early as the 9th century."

纪伊山地的圣地与参拜道
"大峰、熊野三山以及高野山三座圣地坐落在纪伊山地茂密的森林中，俯瞰太平洋，它们通过多条参拜古道连接奈良和京都两个古 都，反映出根植于日本自然崇拜古老传统的神道教与自中国和朝鲜半岛引入日本的佛教的相互融合。该遗址（面积为495.3公顷）及其周围的森林景观是 1200多年来持续保留完好的圣山传统的写照。这个地区连同其丰富的小溪、河流和瀑布仍然是日本现存文化的一部分，每年吸引多达1500万游客来参拜和游 览。三个遗址内都有神殿，有些神殿甚至修建于9世纪。"

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1142

1142-01 Yoshinoyama 吉野山
1142-02 Yoshino Mikumari-jinja 金峰山寺
1142-03 Kimpu-jinja 吉野水分神社
1142-04 Kimpusen-ji 金峰神社
1142-05 Yoshimizu-jinja 吉水神社
1142-06 Ôminesan-ji 大峰山寺
1142-07 Kumano Hongû Taisha 熊野本宫大社
1142-08 Kumano Hayatama Taisha 熊野速玉大社
1142-09 Kumano Nachi Taisha 熊野那智大社
1142-10 Seiganto-ji 青岸渡寺
1142-11 Nachi no Ôtaki 那智大瀑布
1142-12 Nachi Primeval Forest  那智原生树林
1142-13 Fudarakusan-ji  补陀洛山寺
1142-14 Niutsuhime-jinja 丹生都比卖神社
1142-15 Kongôbu-ji 金刚峰寺
1142-16 Jisonin 慈尊院
1142-17 Niukanshôfu-jinja 丹生官省符神社
1142-18to23 Pilgrimage Routes 参詣道
 

1142-01 Mt Yoshino Cherry Blossom

1142-01 Mt Yoshino - 中千本

1142-01 Mt Yoshino - 中千本

1142-01 Mt Yoshino - Yoshino Jingu Shrine吉野神宮

1142-01 Mt Yoshino - Katte Shrine 勝手神社

1142-01 Mt Yoshino -  Nyoirinji 如意輪寺

1142-01 Mt Yoshino -  Nyoirinji Pagoda 如意輪寺 多宝塔

Courtesy of elbe from postcrossing forum

1142-02 Mt Yoshino - Mikumari Shirine 吉野水分神社

1142-04 Mt Yoshino - Kinpusen-ji temple 金峰山寺 蔵王堂

1142-04 Mt Yoshino - Kinpusen-ji temple 金峰山寺仁王门

1142-05 Mt Yoshino - 吉水神社 

Courtesy of elbe from postcrossing forum

1142-15 Kôyasan - Kongôbu-ji Daimon

 

Courtesy of MAKIKO-S from postcrossing forum

1101 IN - Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (2004)

Brief Description

A concentration of largely unexcavated archaeological, historic and living cultural heritage properties cradled in an impressive landscape which includes prehistoric (chalcolithic) sites, a hill fortress of an early Hindu capital, and remains of the 16th-century capital of the state of Gujarat. The site also includes, among other vestiges, fortifications, palaces, religious buildings, residential precincts, agricultural structures and water installations, from the 8th to 14th centuries. The Kalikamata Temple on top of Pavagadh Hill is considered to be an important shrine, attracting large numbers of pilgrims throughout the year. The site is the only complete and unchanged Islamic pre-Mughal city.

尚庞–巴瓦加德考古公园

尚庞–巴瓦加德考古公园是一块古老的土地，这里集中着许多尚未挖掘的、具有悠久历史和极高考古价值的文化遗产。它的景致异 常优美，包括史前（青铜时代）遗址，古代印度都城的高地堡垒，16世纪时古吉拉特王国首都的遗址，以及8世纪至14世纪古老的军事防御工程、宫殿、宗教性 的建筑物，住宅区的排水系统，农业设施和供水装置。建立于巴瓦加德山丘上的卡力卡玛达寺，一直被认为是一个重要的圣地，终年吸引着大量的朝圣者。该遗址是 莫卧儿王朝之前唯一一个完整的无变化的伊斯兰城市。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1101

Courtesy of seetas from postcrossing forum