1278 KP - Historic Monuments and Sites in Kaesong (2013)

Historic Monuments and Sites in Kaesong

Situated in Kaesong city, in the south of the country, the site consists of 12 separate components, which together testify to the history and culture of the Koryo Dynasty from the 10th to 14th centuries. The geomantic layout of the former capital city of Kaesong, its palaces, institutions and tomb complex, defensive walls and gates embody the political, cultural, philosophical and spiritual values of a crucial era in the region’s history.  The monuments inscribed also include an astronomical and meteorological observatory, two schools (including one dedicated to educating national officials) and commemorative steles. The site testifies to the transition from Buddhism to neo-Confucianism in East Asia and to the assimilation of the cultural spiritual and political values of the states that existed prior to Korea’s unification under the Koryo Dynasty. The integration of Buddhist, Confucian, Taoist and geomantic concepts is manifest in the planning of the site and the architecture of its monuments.

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1091

• 1278rev-001 Manwoldae & Kaesong Chomsongdae 满月台 (만월대)& 开城瞻星台 (개성 첨성대)
• 1278rev-002 Kaesong Walls 开城城墙
• 1278rev-003 Kaesong Namdae Gate 开城南大门
• 1278rev-004 Koryo Songgyungwan 高丽成均馆
• 1278rev-005 Sungyang Sowon 崧阳书院
• 1278rev-006 Sonjuk Bridge and Phyochung Monuments 善竹桥和表忠碑
• 1278rev-007 Mausoleum of King Wang Kon 王建王陵, Seven Tombs Cluster & Myongrung Cluster  (명릉/明陵 Hyonjongrung)
• 1278rev-008 Mausoleum of King Kongmin (현정릉/玄正陵 Hyonjongrung )

1278rev-001 Manwoldae  满月台 (만월대)

1278rev-003 Kaesong Namdae Gate 开城南大门

1278rev-004 Koryo Songgyungwan 高丽成均馆 (Taesong Temple)

1278rev-005 Sungyang Sowon 崧阳书院

1278rev-006 Sonjuk Bridge 善竹桥

1278rev-006 Phyochung Monuments 表忠碑

1278rev-007 Mausoleum of King Wang Kon 王建王陵

1278rev-008 Mausoleum of King Kongmin (현정릉/玄正陵 Hyonjongrung )

1587 LA - Megalithic Jar Sites in Xiengkhuang – Plain of Jars (2019)

The Plain of Jars, located on a plateau in central Laos, gets its name from more than 2,100 tubular-shaped megalithic stone jars used for funerary practices in the Iron Age. This serial property of 15 components contains large carved stone jars, stone discs, secondary burials, tombstones, quarries and funerary objects dating from 500 BCE to 500 CE. The jars and associated elements are the most prominent evidence of the Iron Age civilization that made and used them until it disappeared, around 500 CE.

 川圹巨石缸遗址-石缸平原

位于老挝中部高原的石缸平原得名于其上的2100多个巨型石缸，这些石缸是铁器时代的丧葬遗迹。整个遗产地包含15个组成部分。除巨型石缸之外，这里还有可追溯到公元前500年至公元500年的石盘、墓葬品、墓碑、采石场等。石缸和相关元素是这个铁器时代文明最突出的证据，这些物品的制造和使用贯穿该文明的整个过程，直至其于公元500年前后消失。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1587

494 MG - Andrefana Dry Forests (1990)

 This serial property in western Madagascar comprises karstic landscapes and limestone uplands cut into impressive 'tsingy' peaks and a 'forest' of limestone needles, the spectacular canyon of the Manambolo river, rolling hills and high peaks. Undisturbed forests, lakes and mangrove swamps are the habitat for rare and endangered lemurs and birds. The component parts of the property cover almost the full range of ecological and evolutionary variation within the western forests of Madagascar, including western dry forests and southwestern spiny forest-thicket. These sites contain a spectacular array of endemic and threatened biodiversity, including baobabs, flame trees (Delonix), as well as unique evolutionary lineages such as the Mesitornithiformes, an order of birds which is 54 million years old.

安德列发那干旱森林

安德列发那干旱森林是黥基·德·贝马拉哈自然保护区世界遗产的系列扩展，新增区域包括5个保护区。这些新的组成部分几乎代表了马达加斯加西部森林从北到南的全部生态类型和进化过程，包括西部干旱森林和西南部多刺森林-灌丛。新增区域对生物保护极为重要，因为这里生活着大量受威胁的特有物种，如猴面包树、凤凰木，以及一些当地特有物种，如有着5400万年历史的拟鹑目鸟类（Mesitornithiformes）。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/494

• 494bis-001 Réserve Spéciale d’Analamerana (2023)
• 494bis-002 Réserve Spéciale d’Ankarana  (2023)
• 494bis-003 Parc National d’Ankarafantsika (2023)
• 494bis-004 Parc National du Tsingy de Bemaraha (1990)
• 494bis-005 Parc National de Mikea (2023)
• 494bis-006 Parc National de Tsimanampesotse (2023)

494bis-004 Parc National du Tsingy de Bemaraha

1432 BW - Okavango Delta (2014)

 This delta in north-west Botswana comprises permanent marshlands and seasonally flooded plains. It is one of the very few major interior delta systems that do not flow into a sea or ocean, with a wetland system that is almost intact. One of the unique characteristics of the site is that the annual flooding from the River Okavango occurs during the dry season, with the result that the native plants and animals have synchronized their biological cycles with these seasonal rains and floods. It is an exceptional example of the interaction between climatic, hydrological and biological processes. The Okavango Delta is home to some of the world’s most endangered species of large mammal, such as the cheetah, white rhinoceros, black rhinoceros, African wild dog and lion.

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1432

1589 CZ - Landscape for Breeding and Training of Ceremonial Carriage Horses at Kladruby nad Labem (2019)

The property is situated on the Elbe (Labe) River flood plain where there is sandy soil, ox bow lakes and the relic of a riparian forest. The structure and functional use of plots of land (pastures, meadows, forests, fields, park), network of paths, avenues, trees in regimented lines and arranged clusters as well as the solitary trees, the network of watercourses, ensembles of buildings in the farmsteads and the overall composition including functional relations and links between these components - all this fully serves the needs of breeding and training of the Baroque draught horses of the Kladruber breed which were used during the ceremonies at the Habsburg Imperial Court. The composition of the landscape is the evidence of the intentional artistic approach to the landscape. The property is a rare example of the synthesis of two types of cultural landscape - living and organically developing landscape where its key function dominates and the manmade landscape intentionally designed and created using the principles of the French and English landscape architecture which is an outstanding example of the specialised decorative farm - ferme ornée. The Imperial Stud Farm was founded in 1579 and its landscape has been used for this purpose since then.

拉贝河畔克拉德鲁比的仪式马车用马繁育与训练景观

该遗产地位于易北河平原，是Střední Polabí地区的一处平坦沙地，内有田野、围栏牧场、森林及建筑物，其设计用途为驯养克拉德鲁伯马（哈布斯堡王室的仪式马车用马的一种）。王室种马场于1579建成并沿用至今，是欧洲最重要的马匹繁育场之一。在马场的发展时期，马匹不仅在运输、农业、军事等领域发挥着巨大的作用，也是贵族身份的象征。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1589

Courtesy of hs87 from Czechia

537 GR - Monasteries of Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni of Chios (1990)

Although geographically distant from each other, these three monasteries (the first is in Attica, near Athens, the second in Phocida near Delphi, and the third on an island in the Aegean Sea, near Asia Minor) belong to the same typological series and share the same aesthetic characteristics. The churches are built on a cross-in-square plan with a large dome supported by squinches defining an octagonal space. In the 11th and 12th centuries they were decorated with superb marble works as well as mosaics on a gold background, all characteristic of the 'second golden age of Byzantine art'.

达夫尼修道院、俄西俄斯罗卡斯修道院和希俄斯新修道院

这三个修道院虽然从地理位置上相隔一定的距离（第一个在阿提卡，靠近雅典；第二个在福基斯州，靠近德尔菲；第三个在爱琴海的一个岛上，靠近小亚细亚），但属于相同类型，有着相同的美学特征。教堂建在广场中间，呈十字形，巨大的穹窿屋顶由突角拱支撑，形成一个八角结构。在11和12世纪，这些教堂的金色背景上装饰着华丽的大理石或马赛克，代表着“拜占庭艺术的第二个黄金时代”。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/537

• 537-001 Monastery of Hosios Loukas in Phocida near Delphi
• 537-002 Monastery of Daphni, in Attica, near Athens
• 537-003 Monastery of Nea Moni of Chios, on an island in the Aegean Sea, near Asia Minor

537-001 Monastery of Hosios Loukas in Phocida near Delphi

CN1665 - Old Tea Forests of the Jingmai Mountain available for swap

CN1665-1 Old Tea Forests of the Jingmai Mountain (2 available)

26/06/2024 1 postcard on its way to Jordi_65 (received) in exchange for Spanish UNESCO Prehistoric Sites of Talayotic Menorc (Completed)

26/06/2024 1 postcard on its way to hidalgo (received) in exchange for Iran unesco Takht-e Soleyman (Completed)

04/07/2024 1 postcard on its way to (TAG) livi16 (received) in exchange for (TAG) Xiaoi for Speyer ShuM site (Completed)

12/07/2024 1 postcard on its way to Nagi (received) in exchange for Morocco Unesco site (Completed)

05/08/2024 1 postcard on its way to helent (received) in exchange for Australian unesco max (Completed)

14/08/2024 1 postcard on its way to (TAG) Sriramrang (received) in exchange for (TAG) edo for TelAviv white city (Completed)

05/10/2025 1 postcard on its way to (TAG) dannyozzy in exchange for (TAG) Sriramrang for Santhiniketan (received)

CN1665-2 Old Tea Forests of the Jingmai Mountain (0 available)

26/06/2024 1 postcard on its way to (TAG) martinha (received) in exchange (TAG) edo-padova for Venice Padova (completed)

04/07/2024 1 postcard on its way to Tatie in exchange for Ukraine Odessa card (received)

15/07/2024 1 postcard on its way to SLLiew (received) in exchange for Cambodia Preah Vihear (Completed)

10/09/2024 1 postcard on its way to JasonDavid (received) in exchange for 

CN1665-3 Old Tea Forests of the Jingmai Mountain (2 available)

26/06/2024 1 postcard on its way to TwasBrillig (received) in exchange for Botswana’s - Okavango Delta 1 (Completed)

12/08/2024 1 postcard on its way to kara_ann (received) in exchange for Greenland Unesco (Completed)

1618 ES - Paseo del Prado and Buen Retiro, a landscape of Arts and Sciences (2021)

Located at the urban heart of Madrid, this cultural landscape evolved since the creation of the tree-lined Paseo del Prado avenue, a prototype of the Hispanic alameda, in the 16th century. The avenue features major fountains, notably the Fuente de Apolo and the Fuente de Neptuno, and the Fuente de Cibeles, an iconic symbol of the city, surrounded by prestigious buildings. The site embodies a new idea of urban space and development from the enlightened absolutist period of the 18th century. Buildings dedicated to the arts and sciences join others in the site that are devoted to industry, healthcare and research. Collectively, they illustrate the aspiration for a utopian society during the height of the Spanish Empire, linked to the enlightened idea of democratization of knowledge, and exercised major influence in Latin America. The 120-hectare Jardines del Buen Retiro (Garden of Pleasant Retreat), a remnant of the 17th-century Buen Retiro Palace, constitutes the largest part of the property. The site also houses the terraced Royal Botanical Garden and the largely residential neighbourhood of Barrio Jerónimos with its rich variety of 19th- and 20th-century buildings that include cultural and scientific venues.

普拉多大道和丽池公园，艺术与科学的景观之地

这个占地200公顷的文化景观位于马德里的城市中心，自西班牙式林荫大道的原型普拉多大道于16世纪落成以来不断发展。大道的特色是大型喷泉（尤其是大地女神喷泉和海神喷泉），以及被知名建筑环绕的城市地标大地女神广场。该遗产地体现了18世纪开明专制主义时期对城市空间和发展的新理念，艺术和科学领域的建筑与工业、医疗保健和研究用途的建筑相得益彰，共同阐释了西班牙帝国鼎盛时期人们对乌托邦社会的渴望。面积120公顷的丽池花园是建于17世纪的布恩·丽池宫的遗迹，是该遗产区最大的组成部分，展示了从19世纪至今的多种园林风格。遗产地还包含错落有致的皇家植物园和多为民居的耶罗尼姆斯街区，那里有丰富多样的19-20世纪建筑，其中也包括文化场所。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1618

Courtesy of livi16 from Postcrossing forum

The Casón del Buen Retiro
is an annex of the Museo del Prado complex in Madrid

1665 CN - Cultural Landscape of Old Tea Forests of the Jingmai Mountain in Pu’er (2023)

Located on Jingmai Mountain in southwestern China, this cultural landscape was developed over a thousand years by the Blang and Dai peoples following practices that began in the 10th century. The property is a tea production area comprised of traditional villages within old tea groves surrounded by forests and tea plantations. The traditional understorey cultivation of old tea trees is a method that responds to the specific conditions of the mountain’s ecosystem and subtropical monsoon climate, combined with a governance system maintained by the local Indigenous communities. Traditional ceremonies and festivities relate to the Tea Ancestor belief that spirits live in the tea plantations and in the local fauna and flora, a belief that is at the core of this cultural tradition.

该文化景观位于中国云南景迈山，由当地布朗族、傣族民众遵循始于10世纪的实践，历经千余年培育而成。这里是一片茶乡，森林和茶园环绕的多个传统村落掩映在古茶树间。古茶树的传统林下栽培方式，因应山区生态系统和亚热带季风气候的特点，并与当地社区维护的管理体系相结合。人们笃信“茶祖”，他们相信茶树有灵、自然有灵，这里的传统仪式和节庆活动与这一信仰密切相关。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1665

1091 KP - Complex of Koguryo Tombs (2004)

 Complex of Koguryo Tombs

The property includes several group and individual tombs - totalling about 30 individual tombs - from the later period of the Koguryo Kingdom, one of the strongest kingdoms in nowadays northeast China and half of the Korean peninsula between the 3rd century BC to 7th century AD. The tombs, many with beautiful wall paintings, are almost the only remains of this culture. Only about 90 out of more than 10,000 Koguryo tombs discovered in China and Korea so far, have wall paintings. Almost half of these tombs are located on this site and they are thought to have been made for the burial of kings, members of the royal family and the aristocracy. These paintings offer a unique testimony to daily life of this period.

高句丽古墓群

墓群包括几组墓葬和一些独立的墓葬，共计约30座，是公元前3世纪至公元7世纪中国东北部和朝鲜半岛一半地区最强大的帝国之一——高句丽帝国后期的古墓，多以精美的壁画装饰，几乎是高句丽文化唯一的遗迹。迄今为止，在中国和朝鲜发现的10 000多座高句丽古墓中只有90座古墓绘有壁画。其中半数以上就在该遗址，被认为是高句丽帝王、皇室成员或贵族的墓葬。这些壁画以独特的方式反映了当时的日常生活。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1091

• 1091-001 Tomb of King Tongmyong and Jinpha-ri group of tombs 平壤东明王陵与真坡里古坟群
• 1091-002 Homam-ri Sasin (Four Deities) Tomb 平壤湖南里四神冢
• 1091-003 Tokhwa-ri Tombs No. 1,2,3 平安南道德花里1、2、3号坟
• 1091-004 Kangso Three Tombs 南浦江西三墓
• 1091-005 Tokhung-ri Tomb 南浦德兴里古坟
• 1091-006 Yaksu-ri Tomb 南浦药水里古坟
• 1091-007 Susan-ri Tomb 南浦水山里古坟
• 1091-008 Ryonggang Great Tomb 南浦龙冈大冢
• 1091-009 Twin-Column Tomb 南浦双楹冢
• 1091-010 Anak Tomb No. 1 黄海南道安岳1号坟
• 1091-011 Anak Tomb No. 2 黄海南道安岳2号坟
• 1091-012 Anak Tomb No. 3 黄海南道安岳3号坟

1091-001 Tomb of King Tongmyong

1091-012 Anak Tomb No. 3 黄海南道安岳3号坟 - Owner 佟寿墓

1091-012 Anak Tomb No. 3 黄海南道安岳3号坟 - Owner wife

1091-012 Anak Tomb No. 3 黄海南道安岳3号坟 - Processing scene

1091-012 Anak Tomb No. 3 黄海南道安岳3号坟 - Indoor life

1614 DE - Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt (2021)

The Darmstadt Artists’ Colony on Mathildenhöhe, the highest elevation above the city of Darmstadt in west-central Germany, was established in 1897 by Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse, as a centre for emerging reform movements in architecture, arts and crafts. The buildings of the colony were created by its artist members as experimental early modernist living and working environments. The colony was expanded during successive international exhibitions in 1901, 1904, 1908 and 1914. Today, it offers a testimony to early modern architecture, urban planning and landscape design, all of which were influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement and the Vienna Secession. The serial property consists of two component parts including 23 elements, such as the Wedding Tower (1908), the Exhibition Hall (1908), the Plane Tree Grove (1833, 1904-14), the Russian Chapel of St. Maria Magdalena (1897-99), the Lily Basin, the Gottfried Schwab Memorial (1905), the Pergola and Garden (1914), the “Swan Temple” Garden Pavilion (1914), the Ernst Ludwig Fountain, and the 13 houses and artists’ studios that were built for the Darmstadt Artists’ Colony and for the international exhibitions. A Three House Group, built for the 1904 exhibition is an additional component.

达姆施塔特的玛蒂尔德高地

达姆施塔特艺术家村位于德国中西部达姆施塔特市的制高点玛蒂尔德高地上，由黑森大公路德维希(Ernst Ludwig)创建于1897年，是当时建筑、艺术和手工艺领域新兴改革运动的中心。这里的建筑由其艺术家成员设计，用作实验性的早期现代主义生活和工作环境。随着在1901、1904、1908和1914年接连举办的国际展览，艺术村不断扩张。如今，早期的现代建筑、城市规划和景观设计都在这里留下了印迹，所有这些都受到了工艺美术运动和维也纳分离派的影响。该遗产地包含2个组成部分，共23处遗产点。第一部分为婚礼塔(1908年)、展览厅(1908年)、梧桐林(1833年，1904-14年)、抹大拉的玛丽亚俄罗斯小教堂(1897-99年)、百合池、戈特弗里德•施瓦布纪念雕塑(1905年)、凉棚与花园(1914年)、“天鹅殿”凉亭(1914年)、恩斯特•路德维希喷泉，以及为达姆施塔特艺术家村和国际展览而建造的13处艺术家住宅与工作室。第二部分是为1904年展览建造的、由3部分组成的建筑群

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1614

• 1614-001 Exhibition grounds 1901, 1908, 1914
• 1614-002 Exhibition grounds 1904

Courtesy of Cassiopheia from Postcrossing Forum

Third Exhibition (Hesse regional exhibition) 1908
Wedding Tower (left) and Russian Chapel in Darmstadt (right)

1656 DE - Jewish-Medieval Heritage of Erfurt (2023)

Located in the medieval historic centre of Erfurt, the capital city of Thuringia, the property comprises three monuments: the Old Synagogue, the Mikveh, and the Stone House. They illustrate the life of the local Jewish community and its coexistence with a Christian majority in Central Europe during the Middle Ages, between the end of the 11th and the mid-14th century.

埃尔福特的中世纪犹太遗产

遗产位于图林根自由州首府埃尔福特（Erfurt）的中世纪古城，由3座古建筑组成：旧犹太教堂、浸礼池、石屋。它们展现了中世纪时期（公元11世纪末至14世纪中期）中欧地区犹太社区的生活，及其与基督教多数派的共存。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1656

• 1656-001 Old Synagogue
• 1656-002 Mikveh
• 1656-003 Stone House

Courtesy of Cassiopheia from Postcrossing Forum

1631 DE/NL - Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Lower German Limes (2021)

Following the left bank of the Lower Rhine River for approximately 400 km from the Rhenish Massif in Germany to the North Sea coast in the Netherlands, the transnational property consist of 102 components from one section of the frontiers of the Roman Empire, which in the 2nd century CE, stretched across Europe, the Near East, and North Africa, over 7,500 km. The property comprises military and civilian sites and infrastructure that marked the edge of Lower Germany from the 1st to 5th centuries CE. Archaeological remains in the property include legionary fortresses, forts, fortlets, towers, temporary camps, roads, harbours, a fleet base, a canal and an aqueduct, as well as civilian settlements, towns, cemeteries, sanctuaries, an amphitheatre, and a palace. Almost all of these archaeological remains are buried underground. Waterlogged deposits in the property have enabled a high degree of preservation of both structural and organic materials from the Roman periods of occupation and use.

罗马帝国边境--下日耳曼界墙

从德国的莱茵山地到荷兰的北海沿岸，下日耳曼界墙由莱茵河下游左岸约400公里沿线的102个遗产点组成，是罗马帝国边境的一部分。公元2世纪，罗马帝国横跨欧洲、近东和北非，跨度超过7500公里。这些遗产点包括标识公元1-5世纪的下日耳曼边疆的军事和民用遗迹以及基础设施。该遗产地的考古遗迹包括军事基地、堡垒、塔楼、临时营地、道路、港口、舰队基地、运河和渡槽，以及平民居住区、城镇、墓地、避难所、圆形剧场和宫殿。几乎所有这些考古遗迹都埋在地下。遗迹中的浸水沉积物使罗马占领时期的结构和有机材料得到高度完好的保存。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1631

Netherland

• 1631-013 Woerden-Centrum

Germany

• 1631-066 Xanten-Fürstenberg
• 1631-072 Neuss-Reckberg | Wachtturm

Courtesy of Xiaoi from Postcrossing Forum

1631-013 Woerden-Centrum

Courtesy of nocsiz from Postcrossing Forum

1631-066 Xanten-Fürstenberg

Courtesy of Xiaoi from Postcrossing Forum

 1631-072 Neuss-Reckberg | Wachtturm
Wachturm am Reckberg (Neuss)

1670 IN - Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas (2023)

This serial property encompasses the three most representative examples of Hoysala-style temple complexes in southern India, dating from the 12th to 13th centuries. The Hoysala style was created through careful selection of contemporary temple features and those from the past to create a different identity from neighbouring kingdoms. The shrines are characterized by hyper-real sculptures and stone carvings that cover the entire architectural surface, a circumambulatory platform, a large-scale sculptural gallery, a multi-tiered frieze, and sculptures of the Sala legend. The excellence of the sculptural art underpins the artistic achievement of these temple complexes, which represent a significant stage in the historical development of Hindu temple architecture.

曷萨拉王朝神庙群

这一系列遗产包括南印度最具代表性的三个曷萨拉（Hoysala）王朝风格寺庙建筑群，其建造年代可以追溯到12-13世纪。曷萨拉王朝精心选择、融合当时与古代寺庙的特点，塑造出有别于邻近王国的独特身份。这些庙宇的特征包括超逼真的雕塑、表面全覆盖的石雕、环绕式平台、大型雕塑廊道、多层次檐壁饰带，以及展现萨拉传说的雕塑。卓越的雕塑艺术提升了建筑群的艺术成就，这些寺庙建筑群代表了印度教寺庙建筑发展历史中的一个重要阶段。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1670

• 1670-001 Channakeshava Temple
• 1670-002 Hoysalesvara Temple
• 1670-003 Keshava Temple

Courtesy of sriramrang from Postcrossing Forum

1670-001 Channakeshava Temple

Courtesy of sriramrang from Postcrossing Forum

1670-002 Hoysalesvara Temple

1636 DE - ShUM Sites of Speyer, Worms and Mainz (2021)

Located in the former Imperial cathedral cities of Speyer, Worms and Mainz, in the Upper Rhine Valley, the serial site of Speyer, Worms and Mainz comprise the Speyer Jewry-Court, with the structures of the synagogue and women’s shul (Yiddish for synagogue), the archaeological vestiges of the yeshiva (religious school), the courtyard and the still intact underground mikveh (ritual bath), which has retained its high architectural and building quality. The property also comprises the Worms Synagogue Compound, with its in situ post-war reconstruction of the 12th century synagogue and 13th century women’s shul, the community hall (Rashi House), and the monumental 12th-century mikveh. The series also includes the Old Jewish Cemetery in Worms and the Old Jewish Cemetery in Mainz. The four component sites tangibly reflect the early emergence of distinctive Ashkenaz customs and the development and settlement pattern of the ShUM communities, particularly between the 11th and the 14th centuries. The buildings that constitute the property served as prototypes for later Jewish community and religious buildings as well as cemeteries in Europe. The acronym ShUM stands for the Hebrew initials of Speyer, Worms and Mainz.

施派尔、沃尔姆斯和美因茨的犹太社区遗址

该遗产地位于莱茵河谷上游的施派尔、沃尔姆斯和美因茨等前帝国座堂城市。施派尔犹太会堂部分包括犹太教堂和妇女会堂的建筑结构、犹太学校考古遗迹、庭院和仍然完好无损的地下浸礼池，建筑及施工质量很高。沃尔姆斯犹太会堂建筑群部分包括战后在原址重建的12世纪犹太教堂和13世纪妇女会堂、犹太社区礼堂和纪念性的12世纪浸礼池。遗产地还包括沃尔姆斯和美因茨的老犹太公墓。这4个组成部分生动地反映了独特的德系犹太人风俗的初期形成过程，以及犹太社区的发展和定居模式，尤以11-14世纪最为突出。这些建筑是后来欧洲犹太社区、宗教建筑以及墓地的原型。希伯来语中“犹太社区”（ShUM）一词就是施派尔、沃尔姆斯和美因茨的首字母缩写。

Source UNESCO WH website http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1636

• 1636-001 Speyer Jewry-Court
• 1636-002 Worms Synagogue Compound
  
• 1636-003 Old Jewish Cemetery Worms
• 1636-004 Old Jewish Cemetery Mains

Courtesy of Xiaoi from Postcrossing Forum

1636-001 Speyer Jewry-Court

1636-002 Worms Synagogue Compound

Courtesy of Cassiopheia from Postcrossing Forum

1636-003 Old Jewish Cemetery Worms